Tajweed Rules for Warsh 'an Naafi

Part One

These three rules are only part of the complete set of rules of Warsh.

1. 

Joining two surahs together, meaning joining the end of one surah with the beginning of the next, following surah in the order of the Qur'an:

            The recitation of Warsh has three allowable ways to join two surahs together:

A.  : Joining the first surah with the next following surah with a basmalah at the beginning of the new surah.  A reminder, it is not allowed to recite the last aayah of the first surah and join it with the basmalah then stop, then read the first aayah of the next following surah.  Any other combination is allowed of joining or cutting off and breathing.  This way of joining of two surahs is not allowed between surah Al-Anfaal and surah At-Tawbah, since surah At-Tawbah has no basmalah.
Some scholars of recitation chose the basmalah before the four “Zuhr” suwar for those using the way of sakt for other suwar (plural of surah).  The four “Zuhr” are: Al-Qiyaamah, Al-Balad, Al-MuTaffifeen, Al-Humazah.  

B.   A breathless pause between last word of the last aayah of the first surah and the first aayah of the next following surah with no basmalah.

C.    : Joining the last words of the first surah with the first words of the following surah with no basmalah.

2.
Warsh reads in surah Al-Faatihah aayah 4 with no alif in the word .  To listen to the Faatihah and particularly aayah four, please click here and save the file, it should open for listening automatically:

 http://www.islaam.net/main/display.php?id=980&category=58

3.

Warsh makes of the dhammah on the plural  if the first letter of the following word starts with a hamzah al- qata’ , an example is the phrase: , which is found in more than one place in the Qur'an, one of them being aayah 62 of surah Al-Baqarah (2:62).    The length of the  is the same as all of the mudood for Warsh, six vowel counts.  To hear this aayah, please click on the following link: http://www.islaam.net/main/display.php?id=981&category=58 and choose number 4 for saving and listening.  The recitation of this clip starts at aayah 60 of surah Al-Baqarah.

End of part one. More rules can be found in the tidbit lessons.

4. (also referred to as) The pronoun or direct object . 

In normal circumstances, the recitation of Warsh follows the same rules that Hafs does for the .

There are however, special words or word combinations that different ways of recitation read in different ways.  The following are these word combinations and how they are read in the recitation of Warsh.
A. The of the word in the phrase in Al-A-‘Araaf aayah 111 (7:111) and Ash-Shu3ara' aayah 26 (26:36) is read as with a kasrah on the  and lengthening of two vowel counts. 

 B. Similarly the following words are read with a kasrah on the  and a  :     , which are read as: for An-Naml and for An-Noor. 
C. The  is read with a kasrah on the , but no  in the following words:   and , so they are read as: in Al-Kahf and in Al-FatH. 

 5. The lengthenings

Both   and  are lengthened six vowel counts in the recitation of Warsh.

i.   
There are three allowable lengths for: two, four and six vowel counts. Examples of this would be the  in:     ,  ,       . 
Included are words ending in  such as: or when stopping on the words:   from the phrase:   

 *There are factors that are interdependent with this rule and must be observed or not observed depending on which length for the  is used.  These factors will be discussed later.

Exceptions to the lengthening of the four and six vowel counts- meaning there is no lengthening  of four and six vowel counts in these cases :

A.     The word Israa’eel,

B. After a pure sukoon () such as the word

C. After a hamzah wasl where a  has occurred due to starting the word, as in: . 

D. Another exception is no matter what form it takes.

E. An alif changed from a tanween fat-hah when stopping on a word ending with a hamzah, such as , is not considered a , and just the normal two count lengthening of the  is observed.

F. Some scholars of recitation (but not all) also give exception to the four and six vowel count  in the words:
1.   with the questioning hamzah preceding the word; the  in question here is the one after the  saakinah.
 2.  The word  in the combination    : in surah An-Najm 50 (53:50).

(continued from lesson 2)

   ii. - The leen letter followed by a hamzah

This is a leen letter followed by a hamzah, is lengthened four or six vowel counts when continuing or stopping.  Example: . 

Exceptions: Warsh reads the word: in all its various forms, such as:   etc., with a shortening () of the leen and  (shortening) and ,  and  (two, four and six vowel counts) of the ; and  (four vowel counts) of the leen with  of the   .
There is no lengthening of followed by a hamzah by the way of recitation of Warsh in the words:   in aayah 8 of surah At-Takweer (81:8), the  being unchanged, just the leen is affected by this exception ; and likewise the word   which is the last word in aayah 58 of surah Al-Kahf (18:58).     
Conditions: If the  is lengthened two or four counts, the leen al-mahmooz can only be four counts, if the medd badl is lengthened six counts then the leen al-mahmooz can be lengthened four or six counts.  The chart below summarizes these conditions

6. Two Hamzahs meeting in one word

 There are three ways that two hamzahs meet in one word, the first hamzah always has a fat-hah, the second hamzah is either another fat-hah, a kasrah, or a dhammah.  Examples of these three combinations are: 

 with fat-haat on both hamzahs;   with a fat-hah on the first hamzah and kasrah on the second hamzah; and    which has a fat-hah on the first hamzah and a dhammah on the second hamzah.

When there are two consecutive hamzahs in a word, Warsh makes of the second hamzah, which means reading it in between a hamzah and between the letter that corresponds with the vowel on the hamzah.  The hamzah with a fat-hah therefore would be read between a hamzah and an alif, the hamzah with a kasrah would be read between a hamzah and a , and the hamzah with a dhammah would be read between a hamzah and a .

There is a second allowed way for Warsh when there is a fat-hah on both hamzaat such as in the word.  This second allowed reading is  (change) of the second hamzah to an alif.  When there is a sukoon on the letter following the second hamzah as in the example , the resultant medd from the hamzah changed into an alif would be six vowel counts, as in . An exception to this second allowed way is in the word:  in surah Al-‘Araaf, Ta-Ha, and Ash-Shu'araa’, and the word  in surah Az-Zukhruf. The  is not allowed in these words and only the way of of the second hamzah is observed.

A. A repeated question with two hamzahs

If a question is repeated in a phrase with two hamzahs such as the words in the phrase:

 ,

then Warsh reads with a question for the first of the two () and with a proclamation () for the second of the two; meaning he reads the example above as: .  The reading of Warsh observes the rule stated above for two hamzahs meeting in a word and therefore reads with of the second hamzah.  Another example of the same type of occurrence of a repeated question in a phrase is:

The rule as stated above for two questioning hamzahs in a phrease is that Warsh reads the first of the two words with    and the second with a proclamation  ( ).  The rule of Warsh for two hamzas meeting in a word is the same as in of the  all other words like this; there is  of the second hamzah:

Exceptions:

The occurrences of two questions in a phrase in An-Naml (27:67):

and Al-‘Ankaboot 28-29 (29:28-29)

are read by Warsh in these two surahs with on the first of the two and with on the second so that the first example in An-Naml is read by Warsh as:

and the second example in Al-'Ankaboot is read in the same way as Hafs 'an 'Aasmin (as written above) in regards to the question and proclamation.  Warsh follows his stated rule for two hamzahs meeting in a word in both examples, as stated at the beginning of this lesson on the words that have two hamzahs meeting in the same word. 

Warsh reads in aayah 19 of Az-Zukhruf (43:19) as:  with two hamzahs and   (pronouncing the hamzah clearly) on the first hamzah with a fat-hah, and on the second hamzah (with a dhammah).

Next lesson, insha' Allah will explain the rules for Warsh when two hamzahs occur between two words.