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Question

1. With regards to the Ikh-Faa’ rule of the meem saakinah (meem saakinah preceding the letter ba), how does one hide/conceal the meem? I read in one Tajweed book that a space is left between the lips when pronouncing the meem, however the information in your website says that this should not happen. Please clarify how one conceals the meem in this case.

2.In regards to the grammar lessons, do all present tense verbs end with a dhammah? Also what is the meaning of the word “conjugated”?

3. In the lessons on Waqf (stopping), a lot is mentioned about phrases linked in meaning and grammar. What does “liked in grammar” mean? Also in these lessons it was mentioned that an example was “stopping on an exceptional statement”. What does that mean? Also what is the meaning of “the female ha is always conjugated and never fixed.”

4.  In regards to , can one use this rule with all words that end with a dhammah or dhammah tanween?

Answer

Assalaam alaikum wa rahmatu Allah.

1. Please click on the following links for a detailed explanation of the difference of opinion in the position of the lips in and .

http://www.abouttajweed.com/23070102.htm http://www.abouttajweed.com/060602.htm

 2.  Not all present tense verbs end with a dhammah, most notably the double form of a present tense verb, and the plural form of a present tense verb do not end with a dhammah, but most others do end with a dhammah, as long as they are not affected by a letter before it, which happens in a conditional phrase and other incidences.  
The meaning of conjugation can be found in the answer to number three.

3.  Linked in grammar means there is a grammatical link between one part of the phrase and the other.  For example, there may be a word that it is allowed to stop on, but there is a conjunctive joining the part stopped on and the following part, an case in point is: in which the explanation of the meaning can be translated as: and those that believe in that which was revealed to you and [believe also] in that which was revealed before you .  In this phrase the verb “believe” is  needed to understand the first part: , and is also needed for the second part: .  This last part if recited without the first part, and most importantly without the verb “believe” would have a completely different understanding than the true meaning.  The  which is red in color, means “and believe”.  These two phrases are then linked in grammar, as well as meaning.

Another example is when there is a letter or word grammatically affecting more than one verb or noun in the phrase; one may stop on one of the verbs or noun, but since the next verb or noun is also affected, we cannot start on the next word. An illustration of this is in: Al-Anfaal 11. 
The translation of the explanation of the meaning is:
and He send down upon you from the sky rain by which to purify you and remove from you the evil of Satan. 
The letter  that is in red, which means approximately “by which” affects the verb by it getting a fat-hah on the last letter (the letter ) and it also affect the next verb, , in the same way.  This is then linked in grammar and meaning. 

Stopping on an exceptional statement is when stopping before a word that indicates there is an exception to the previous phrase, such as stopping before the word  or . 

In Arabic some words are fixed in their vowels and never change, no matter what their grammatical position may be as in:  which always has a dhammah on the last letter.  Other words are conjugated and the word changes according to its grammatical place in the sentence, such as the vowel on the last letter changing in many words.   An example of this is the three different vowels on the last letter Glorious name of Allah:  ,  , and ; which change depending on the grammatical conjugation of the Glorious name of Allah.

 4.  We can stop on a word with  if the dhammah or kasrah is fixed and not incidental or conditional (called presented vowelization in the tidbit lesson.  If the dhammah, for example, is the result of two saakin letters meeting, such as the dhammah acquired on the plural  when as saakin letter follows it, as in the phrase: , then we cannot stop with , and instead can only stop with a pure sukoon.  Also, as stated in the lesson on stopping on the ends of words, we cannot stop on  (the letter written as   or ) with , and the pronoun or direct object  has three schools of thought as to whether we can stop with  or not.  See the following link for more details

http://www.abouttajweed.com/stopping_on_the_ends_of_words_3.htm